Learn German - Lesson 1 - Pronunciation practice:
wir sind in deutschland
(photo
by fdecomite used
under terms of Creative Commons license.)
The spelling of a language only symbolizes to the native speaker the sounds which he already knows. You will learn these sounds directly from your instructor; the spelling will serve as an aid to listening. No spelling system adequately represents the sounds of the spoken language, and no attempt will be made at this point to outline exactly what sounds are represented by what symbols of the German spelling system. We will however present for particular drill and attention in each unit certain sounds which have shown themselves to be difficult for speakers of American English. In the meantime we ask you to remember two cardinal points:
1. The German of your text is printed in the standard German written style.
A. Short Vowels
The German short vowels i,e,a and u are not dissimilar from English sounds. The o, however, is probably different from any sound that you have in English.
Do not try to replace it by a sound
from English, but rather
reproduce the pronunciation of your instructor. The German front
rounded vowels
ö and ü do not occur in English. To produce the ö,
put your tongue in
the position for the German e and round your lips; for ü,
put your
tongue in the position for the German i and round
your lips. You will
then produce a sound similar to the German sound. Experiment until your
instructor is satisfied with your pronunciation. Do not worry about the
meaning
of the words in these practices. Concentrate instead on the sounds.
Practice 1 (a)
|
Short |
i |
e |
a |
o |
u |
|
|
bitte |
denn |
das |
kostet |
muss |
|
|
ist |
|
Mann |
Sonne |
Mutter |
|
|
in |
etwas |
an |
Doktor |
und |
|
Short |
ö |
ü |
|
e (unstressed) |
|
|
|
können |
Mütter |
|
bitte |
genug |
|
|
möchte |
fünf |
|
danke |
gesehen |
|
|
öfter |
Kutte |
|
Sonne |
bekommen |
Practice 1 (b)
|
mit – Mütter |
kennen - können |
|
missen – müssen |
stecke - Stöcke |
B. Long Vowels
There are no sounds in English
exactly like the German long
vowels. If you will pronounce English gate and then ask your instructor
to
pronounce German geht, you will notice that the English vowel sound
seems to
change during its pronunciation, but the German sound seems tense and
stable
throughout its duration. Your tongue actually moves during the
production of
the English vowel sound, but during the production of the German sound
the
tongue remains in the same position. The long ö and ü are formed
approximately
like short ö and ü. Pronounce German long e and round your lips to form
ö, and
pronounce German long i and round your lips to form ü
Practice 2(a)
|
Long |
i |
e |
a |
o |
u |
ö |
ü |
|
|
wie |
geht |
Tag |
Sohn |
gut |
König |
für |
|
|
ihnen |
Tee |
Abend |
oder |
du |
schön |
Tür |
|
|
viel |
den |
Bahn |
wo |
Flug |
öde |
über |
Practice 2 (b)
|
vier - für |
lessen - lösen |
|
Tier - Tür |
Sehne - Söhne |
C. Distinguishing Long and
Short vowels
It is NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE to distinguish long and short vowels in written German, as the German spelling system does not consistently mark them as such. Your best guide to the pronunciation of any given ward is the way your native instructor pronounces it. However, a few hints can be given which will help you to recognize them most of the time. If you look back at the practice lists above you will see that the short vowels in most cases are followed by two or more consonants and they are always written with a single letter symbol. Then note that the long vowels are not always written with a single letter symbol and usually are followed by only one consonant. The following combinations of letters always designate long vowels: ie, ih - eh, ee - ah, aa - oh, oo - uh - öh – üh
D. Diphthongs
These combinations of two vowel
sounds in German are very
similar, though not identical to certain vowel combinations in English.
Practice 3
|
ei |
au |
eu (äu) |
|
nein |
auch |
deutsch |
|
eins |
Tau |
neun |
|
Wein |
Laut |
läute |